| 单词 | illness |
| 释义 | 🔑 ill·nessBrE /ˈɪlnəs/ NAmE /ˈɪlnəs/ noun 🔑 [U ]the state of being physically or mentally ill （身体或精神上的）疾病，病◆ mental illness 精神病◆ I missed a lot of school through illness last year . 我去年因病耽误了很多功课。🔑 [C ]a type or period of illness （某种）病；患病期◆ minor /serious illnesses 小病；重病◆ childhood illnesses 儿童患的各种病◆ He died after a long illness . 他久病不愈而亡。illnesssickness ⬥ ill health ⬥ troubleThese are all words for the state of being physically or mentally ill.以上各词均指身体或精神上的不适、疾病。illnessthe state of being physically or mentally ill指身体或精神上的疾病sicknessillness; bad health指疾病、不健康：◆I recommend you get insurance against sickness and unemployment.我建议你办个疾病和失业保险。illness or sickness?用 illness 还是 sickness？Sickness is used especially in contexts concerning work and insurance. It is commonly found with words such as pay, leave, absence and insurance. Illness has a wider range of uses and is found in more general contexts. * sickness 尤用于与工作和保险有关的语境中，通常与 pay、leave、absence 和 insurance 等词连用。illness 的用法较广，用于较一般的语境中。ill health(ratherformal ) the state of being physically ill or having lots of health problems指健康状况不佳：◆She resigned because of ill health.她因健康状况不佳而辞职。NOTE Ill health often lasts a long period of time. * ill health 常持续较长时间。troubleillness or pain指疾病、疼痛：◆heart trouble心脏病NOTE When trouble is used with this meaning, it is necessary to say which part of the body is affected. * trouble 用于此义时须说明疾病或疼痛所在的身体部位。Patternschronic illness/sickness/ill healthto suffer from illness/sickness/ill health/heart, etc. troublediseaseillness ⬥ disorder ⬥ infection ⬥ condition ⬥ ailment ⬥ bugThese are all words for a medical problem.以上各词均表示健康问题。diseasea medical problem affecting humans, animals or plants, often caused by infection常指人、动植物感染的病、疾病：◆He suffers from a rare blood disease.他患有一种罕见的血液病。illnessa medical problem, or a period of suffering from one指病、疾病或患病期：◆She died after a long illness.她久病不愈而亡。disease or illness?用 disease 还是 illness？Disease is used to talk about more severe physical medical problems, especially those that affect the organs. Illness is used to talk about both more severe and more minor medical problems, and those that affect mental health. * disease 指较严重的身体疾病，尤其是影响身体器官的疾病。illness 指重病或小病均可，也可指精神上的疾病：◆heart/kidney/liver illness◆mental diseaseDisease is not used about a period of illness. * disease 不指患病期：◆She died after a long disease.disorder(ratherformal ) an illness that causes a part of the body to stop functioning correctly指失调、紊乱、不适、疾病：◆a rare disorder of the liver一种罕见的肝病NOTE A disorder is generally not infectious. Disorder is used most frequently with words relating to mental problems, for example psychiatric, personality, mental and eating. When it is used to talk about physical problems, it is most often used with blood, bowel and kidney, and these are commonly serious, severe or rare. * disorder 一般不传染，多与有关精神问题的词连用，如 psychiatric/personality/mental/eating disorder（精神错乱；人格障碍；精神紊乱；进食障碍）。谈到身体方面的问题常与下列词连用，如 blood/bowel/kidney disorder（血液病；肠道失调；肾脏疾病），这些疾病一般用 serious、severe 或 rare 等词修饰。infectionan illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus and that affects one part of the body指由细菌或病毒引起的身体某部位的感染或传染疾病：◆a throat infection喉部感染conditiona medical problem that you have for a long time because it is not possible to cure it指因不可治愈而长期患有的疾病：◆a heart condition心脏病ailment(ratherformal ) an illness that is not very serious指轻病、小恙：◆childhood ailments儿童期小病bug(informal ) an infectious illness that is usually fairly mild指轻微的传染病、小病：◆a nasty flu bug严重的流感Patternsto have/suffer from a(n) disease/illness/disorder/infection/condition/ailment/bugto catch/contract/get/pick up a(n) disease/illness/infection/bugbacteria , disease , epidemic , fever , illness , immunity , infection , spread , vaccinate , virus Illnesses疾病Becoming ill生病catch a cold/an infectious disease/the flu/ (BrE ) flu/pneumonia/a virus/ (informal ) a bug染上感冒/传染病/流感/肺炎/病毒/小毛病get (BrE ) ill/ (NAmE ) sick/a disease/AIDS/breast cancer/a cold/the flu/ (BrE ) flu/a migraine患病/艾滋病/乳腺癌/感冒/流感/偏头痛come down with a cold/the flu/ (BrE ) flu得了感冒/流感contract a deadly disease/a serious illness/HIV/AIDS感染致命疾病/严重疾病/艾滋病病毒/艾滋病be infected with a virus/a parasite/HIV受病毒/寄生虫/艾滋病病毒感染develop cancer/diabetes/a rash/an ulcer/symptoms of hepatitis患上癌症/糖尿病/皮疹/溃疡；出现肝炎症状have a heart attack/a stroke心脏病/中风发作provoke/trigger/produce an allergic reaction引起/产生过敏反应block/burst/rupture a blood vessel使血管阻塞/破裂damage/sever a nerve/an artery/a tendon损伤/切断神经/动脉/肌腱Being ill病了feel (BrE ) ill/sick/nauseous/queasy感到不适/想吐/恶心be running (BrE ) a temperature/ (NAmE ) a fever发烧have a head cold/diabetes/heart disease/lung cancer/a headache/ (BrE ) a high temperature/ (NAmE ) a fever患伤风感冒/糖尿病/心脏病/肺癌；头痛；发烧suffer from asthma/malnutrition/frequent headaches/bouts of depression/a mental disorder患哮喘/营养不良症/经常性头痛/多发性抑郁症/精神错乱be laid up with/ (BrE ) be in bed with a cold/the flu/ (BrE ) flu/a migraine因感冒/流感/偏头痛而卧床休息nurse a cold/a headache/a hangover调治感冒/头痛/宿醉battle/fight cancer/depression/addiction/alcoholism与癌症/抑郁症作斗争；戒瘾；戒酒Treatments治疗examine a patient给病人做检查diagnose a condition/disease/disorder诊断疾病be diagnosed with cancer/diabetes/schizophrenia诊断为癌症/糖尿病/精神分裂症prescribe/be given/be on/take drugs/medicine/medication/pills/painkillers/antibiotics开/得到/服用药/药片/止痛药/抗生素treat sb for cancer/depression/shock治疗某人的癌症/抑郁症/休克have/undergo an examination/an operation/surgery/a kidney transplant/therapy/chemotherapy/treatment for cancer接受检查/手术/外科手术/肾移植手术/治疗/化疗/癌症治疗have/be given an injection/ (BrE ) a flu jab/ (NAmE ) a flu shot/a blood transfusion/a scan/an X-ray打针；接种流感疫苗；接受输血；做扫描检查；照 X 光cure a disease/an ailment/cancer/a headache/a patient治疗疾病/病痛/癌症/头痛/病人prevent the spread of disease/further outbreaks/damage to the lungs防止疾病扩散/疾病进一步爆发/对肺部造成伤害be vaccinated against the flu/ (BrE ) flu/the measles/ (BrE ) measles/polio/smallpox接种流感/麻疹/小儿麻痹症/天花疫苗enhance/boost/confer/build immunity to a disease增加对疾病的免疫力 |
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